Ksb centrifugal pump free pdf manual to download

The height of this column is called the static head and is expressed in terms of feet of liquid. The same head term is used to measure the kinetic energy created by the pump. In other words, head is a measurement of the height of a liquid column that the pump could create from the kinetic energy imparted to the liquid.

Imagine a pipe shooting a jet of water straight up into the air, the height the water goes up would be the head. The head is not equivalent to pressure. Head is a term that has units of a length or feet and pressure has units of force per unit area or pound per square inch.

The main reason for using head instead of pressure to measure a centrifugal pump's energy is that the pressure from a pump will change if the specific gravity weight of the liquid changes, but the head will not change. Since any given centrifugal pump can move a lot of different fluids, with different specific gravities, it is simpler to discuss the pump's head and forget about the pressure. The will raise a liquid to a certain pump performance curves are mostly height regardless of the described in terms of head.

Pressure to Head Conversion formula The static head corresponding to any specific pressure is dependent upon the weight of the liquid according to the following formula: Newtonian liquids have specific gravities typically ranging from 0. Water is a benchmark, having a specific gravity of 1. This formula helps in converting pump gauge pressures to head for reading the pump curves. The various head terms are discussed below. If the liquid level is above pump centerline, hS is positive. If the liquid level is below pump centerline, hS is negative.

It is dependent upon the size, condition and type of pipe, number and type of pipefittings, flow rate, and nature of the liquid. The vapor pressure of liquid can be obtained from vapor pressure tables. When the vapor pressure is converted to head, it is referred to as vapor pressure head, hvp.

The value of hvp of a liquid increases with the rising temperature and in effect, opposes the pressure on the liquid surface, the positive force that tends to cause liquid flow into the pump suction i.

The pressure in such a tank must first be converted to feet of liquid. Denoted as hp, pressure head refers to absolute pressure on the surface of the liquid reservoir supplying the pump suction, converted to feet of head. If the system is open, hp equals atmospheric pressure head. It is the equivalent head in feet through which the water would have to fall to acquire the same velocity, or in other words, the head necessary to accelerate the water.

The velocity head is usually insignificant and can be ignored in most high head systems. However, it can be a large factor and must be considered in low head systems. Understanding the significance of NPSH is very much essential during installation as well as operation of the pumps.

Pumps can pump only liquids, not vapors The satisfactory operation of a pump requires that vaporization of the liquid being pumped does not occur at any condition of operation.

This is so desired because when a liquid vaporizes its volume increases very much. For example, 1 ft3 of water at room temperature becomes ft3 of vapor at the same temperature.

This makes it clear that if we are to pump a fluid effectively, it must be kept always in the liquid form. Rise in temperature and fall in pressure induces vaporization The vaporization begins when the vapor pressure of the liquid at the operating temperature equals the external system pressure, which, in an open system is always equal to atmospheric pressure.

Any decrease in external pressure or rise in operating temperature can induce vaporization and the pump stops pumping. Thus, the pump always needs to have a sufficient amount of suction head present to prevent this vaporization at the lowest pressure point in the pump. NPSH as a measure to prevent liquid vaporization The manufacturer usually tests the pump with water at different capacities, created by throttling the suction side. When the first signs of vaporization induced cavitation occur, the suction pressure is noted the term cavitation is discussed in detail later.

This pressure is converted into the head. Thus the Net Positive Suction Head NPSH is the total head at the suction flange of the pump less the vapor pressure converted to fluid column height of the liquid. NPSHr is a function of pump design NPSH required is a function of the pump design and is determined based on actual pump test by the vendor.

As the liquid passes from the pump suction to the eye of the impeller, the velocity increases and the pressure decreases. There are also pressure losses due to shock and turbulence as the liquid strikes the impeller. The centrifugal force of the impeller vanes further increases the velocity and decreases the pressure of the liquid.

The NPSH required is the positive head in feet absolute required at the pump suction to overcome these pressure drops in the pump and maintain the majority of the liquid above its vapor pressure. The NPSH is always positive since it is expressed in terms of absolute fluid column height. The term "Net" refers to the actual pressure head at the pump suction flange and not the static suction head.

The NPSH required increase as the capacity is increasing because the velocity of the liquid is increasing, and as anytime the velocity of a liquid goes up, the pressure or head comes down. Pump manufacturer's curves normally provide this information. The NPSH is independent of the fluid density as are all head terms.

It is the excess pressure of the liquid in feet absolute over its vapor pressure as it arrives at the pump suction, to be sure that the pump selected does not cavitate. It is calculated based on system or process conditions. It is important to correct for the specific gravity of the liquid and to convert all terms to units of "feet absolute" in using the formula.

Any discussion of NPSH or cavitation is only concerned about the suction side of the pump. There is almost always plenty of pressure on the discharge side of the pump to prevent the fluid from vaporizing. It is normal practice to have at least 2 to 3 feet of extra NPSH available at the suction flange to avoid any problems at the duty point. Power and Efficiency Brake Horse Power BHP The work performed by a pump is a function of the total head and the weight of the liquid pumped in a given time period.

Pump input or brake horsepower BHP is the actual horsepower delivered to the pump shaft. These two terms are defined by the following formulas. The constant is obtained by dividing the number or foot-pounds for one horsepower 33, by the weight of one gallon of water 8.

BHP can also be read from the pump curves at any flow rate. Pump curves are based on a specific gravity of 1. The brake horsepower or input to a pump is greater than the hydraulic horsepower or output due to the mechanical and hydraulic losses incurred in the pump.

Therefore the pump efficiency is the ratio of these two values. Best Efficiency Point BEP is the capacity at maximum impeller diameter at which the efficiency is highest.

All points to the right or left of BEP have a lower efficiency. Significance of BEP BEP as a measure of optimum energy conversion When sizing and selecting centrifugal pumps for a given application the pump efficiency at design should be taken into consideration. The efficiency of centrifugal pumps is stated as a percentage and represents a unit of measure describing the change of centrifugal force expressed as the velocity of the fluid into pressure energy.

The B. BEP as a measure of mechanically stable operation The impeller is subject to non-symmetrical forces when operating to the right or left of the BEP. These forces manifest themselves in many mechanically unstable conditions like vibration, excessive hydraulic thrust, temperature rise, and erosion and separation cavitation. Thus the operation of a centrifugal pump should not be outside the furthest left or right effic iency curves published by the manufacturer.

Performance in these areas induces premature bearing and mechanical seal failures due to shaft deflection, and an increase in temperature of the process fluid in the pump casing causing seizure of close tolerance parts and cavitation. BEP as an important parameter in calculations BEP is an important parameter in that many parametric calculations such as specific speed, suction specific speed, hydrodynamic size, viscosity correction, head rise to shut- off, etc.

Specific Speed Specific speed as a measure of the geometric similarity of pumps Specific speed Ns is a non-dimensional design index that identifies the geometric similarity of pumps. It is used to classify pump impellers as to their type and proportions. Pumps of the same Ns but of different size are considered to be geometrically similar, one pump being a size-factor of the other.

The understanding of this definition is of design engineering significance only, however, and specific speed should be thought of only as an index used to predict certain pump characteristics. Specific speed as a measure of the shape or class of the impellers The specific speed determines the general shape or class of the impellers.

As the specific speed increases, the ratio of the impeller outlet diameter, D2, to the inlet or eye diameter, D1, decreases. This ratio becomes 1. Radial flow impellers develop head principally through centrifugal force. Radial impellers are generally low flow high head designs. Pumps of higher specific speeds develop head partly by centrifugal force and partly by axial force.

A higher specific speed indicates a pump design with head generation more by axial forces and less by centrifugal forces. An axial flow or propeller pump with a specific speed of 10, or greater generates its head exclusively through axial forces. Greater safety of workers. Lower maintenance and repair costs. Less stand-by equipments and spare parts. Better product quality and fewer reworks and scraps. Increases plant life. Catastrophic failures still likely to occur.

Labor intensive. Includes performance of unneeded maintenance. Potential for incidental damage to components in conducting unneeded maintenance. Although it can be calculated in different ways, it is primarily looking at the total runtime of an asset s and dividing by the total number of failures for that asset s.

Availability: This metric is useful to determine how available a given asset or set of assets has been historically. In the availability example above, we had an asset that failed 4 times in a year resulting in 32 hours of downtime.

The availability calculation determined that the asset was available This might give the impression of a highly reliable asset. But if we use the Reliability calculation shown below we would get a much different picture.

These pumps are used for the ejector for generation of vacuum. The failure rate of KSB gland pump for the month of July to Dec which is as given follows in the table-I. After the Implementation of Preventive Maintenance in the Chemical Plant After the implementation of preventive maintenance in to the plant the breakdown of pumps are monitored. We also do pump station design and supply all the associated components. Ahlstar a end-suction single-stage centrifugal process pumps are used for demanding industrial applications to ensure process reliability.

You may also review third party inspection for centrifugal pump and pump inspection and test plan articles as supplementary information. Voluntary Replacement Program. We have always been aware of the pump playing an important part in the economic success of a system. Definitely use this ksb centrifugal pump manual design book's soft file. Xylem s lowara brand is leading in providing long term economical solutions for pumping and circulating clean or contaminated water.

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The mechanical seal can be replaced without removing the motor from the pump!